Sunday, April 06, 2008

Police and Security Out In Droves, Protesters Scarce, Arrests Throughout Egypt

The media battle over whether today was a success is well underway even as demonstrators and activists continue to be rounded up, arrested, and harassed. Pictures can be seen here. I tried to take some in Tharir, Talat al Harb and Sharia Galaa but I admit I was intimidated. I was menacingly told to move along by an undercover when I paused, pretending to talk on the phone while trying to take a picture. Al Jazeera reported that it was not allowed to film in Cairo though they managed to sneak in a few pictures on the evening news. The NDP spokesman, Mr. Butros, pronounced the strike a failure (surprise surprise) as rumors of someone killed in Mahalla have begun circulating on Twitter. The strike there was aborted since police and undercover officers had managed to infiltrate the factory and intimidate workers, meaning that there were far fewer than the expected 20,000 protesters hoped for by organizers. Those that did try to strike were violently prevented from doing so. According to Reuters "Police escorted small groups of workers from the factory at the end of their shifts to stop them organizing and protesting" though the story does not mention that they also used tear gas, batons and arrests. Students at Ain Shams and Helwan Universities did hold demonstrations - with several arrested - though a friend reports that things were pretty calm at Cairo University. Meanwhile the Egyptian government has been hunting down organizers and activists, one of the more famous of which, Malek, remains in jail since yesterday for posting fliers about today's strike and another, Mohamed Al Sharkawy who was dragged from his home and is best known for being the victim of sodomy and torture at the hands of Egyptian police.

My morning began early today when I went down to the Lawyers Syndicate and found the streets already lined with gangs of plain clothes police and row upon row of police in riot gear. Making my way through the rows of police into the syndicate was admittedly a daunting act and I admit I held my breath. Inside was packed already by 10 a.m., perhaps because it was one of the few places where people were allowed to make a demonstration (though it did not get going until later). I made my way to Tharir, passing by a few other syndicates on the way, all of which were hemmed in by police. There was hardly any traffic and the police presence (not to mention the huddles of thugs standing nearby) was enough to keep me in my taxi. Few people were in the streets near Tharir at that time. Back in Zamalek there was a noticeable lack of traffic. The neighborhood store where I often buy tamiyya from told me that there would be none today because of the strike - they hadn't gotten their shipment apparently, although they were open for business. Several shops were shuttered, though this may be because it is Sunday rather than because of the strike according to my bowab. At noon I went back to Tharir and found that thought there were more people on the streets and businesses were open the haunting weather brought on by the hamseen sandstorm seemed to reflect the surreal feeling of anticipation that hung over the area. The American University of Cairo (AUC) was open and had refused calls by some professors to cancel classes - nor did the authorities allow students to publicize the strike, not a flier was to be seen about the planned demonstrations - and had warned student to stay away from Tharir. This apparently did not deter some determined activists because around 12:30 reports of AUC students being arrested started to make their way through the blogosphere. Wael Abbas was mobile blogging and many others sent reports of what they saw and heard throughout the day, though many of them stayed home to avoid arrest, though I know it must have been difficult for some not to be able to be in the thick of things. Kifaya called off the demonstration planned for Tharir because of the insane police presence but people continued to get arrested throughout the day, mothers, students, workers, activists, you name it.

As I walked up Talaat al Harb I must have passed more than 100 policemen. On each corner 3 rows of 10 policemen stood facing out at the street with several more senior officers milling around, intimidating shop owners and passerbys. And of course plain clothes thugs were too. A tourist couple from the UK reported that their hotel had told them about the strike and did not seem too concerned about the police presence. Some shops were locked and shuttered but the restaurants, travel agencies and bookstores were open for business. By 5:30pm many of the police seemed to have left, confident in their knowledge that they had deterred the would-be protesters. Whereas usually my ride home would take forever at this time, the streets were definitely emptier than usual. I don't know how many people stayed home or how this can be known. And as April 6 officially draws to a close the battle to define success and failure, winner and loser begins.

Both sides realize that part of the battle must be fought on the airwaves. I'm sure this is why Egyptian state security reportedly arrested a BBC Arabic correspondent and prohibited Al Jazeera from filming. Supporters of the strike and government representatives have taken to the satellite channels and blogosphere (ok, the later is definitely dominated by the former!). Supporters created a blog and publicized some phone numbers where people could post their observations and experiences of the strike and to track arrests, abuses, etc. While I saw Al Masry Al Yaom on the stands today (with a prominent headline about the strike) there was no sign of Al Destor, at least in Tharir. Sandmonkey reports that "
"The cover of government mouthpieces AlAhram and Al Akhbar are filled with headlines that both deny the existance of any strike , following the line of "What strike? That's just a bunch of hype started by a number of illegal and shady movements and individuals who want to ruin the country!", and yet detail the amounts of legal punishment and trouble that anyone who participates in a strike would receive "Losing your job, Fines, 3 months to a year in prison, being on the government's shit list forever, etc..etc..". Uber government presswhore RoseAlYusef published a headline asking people to calm down, go to work and not worry because everything is working fine and there is no strike , and life is rosy. In Rosealyusef's world, reality is what you make it, which must work really well for them.
I think it will be difficult to assign success or failure since there seemed to be so many different objectives by so many different political actors - some called for workers to strike, some called for people to stay home out of protest while others (like Kifaya) called for them to take to the streets. And the message went from one about the rising cost of bread, inflation and wages to one about political repression, political change and other amorphous and less specific demands that made if difficult for people to rally around and certainly provoked the government. What was clearly demonstrated today, however, is that indeed Egypt remains a police state and the government is very skilled at intimidation. And as one blogger pointed out to me today, the U.S. government helps to fund this by giving millions of dollars to the Egyptian military and enabling Mubarak's government (OK, well he said regime) to do what it likes with impunity. Today, like many days before, demonstrated the desire by people of all social classes and walks of life to do something to improve their lot in life and the system in which they live. Must people take to the streets and risk life, limb and livelihood to get this?

The streets are full of police, empy of activists

It's 11 a.m. I drove around the city center to see what was going on. Droves of police line the streets in front of the Lawyer, Journalist and Workers Syndicates not to mention Tharir, where they are already standing ready in their riot gear, shields and batons ready to go. There are also lots of people in the streets - but they're going to work, going on with their daily business, not demonstrating, protesting or staying home out of solidarity. Now granted, it's only 11 a.m. the day is still young. Let's see how this thing shapes up...

UPDATE - noon: There seem to be far fewer cares on the streets of Zamalek...

Saturday, April 05, 2008

Arrests Begin in Advance of Tomorow's Strike


Egyptian police arrested four activists who were distributing fliers about tomorrow's General Strike. Malek-X, one of the more infamous bloggers in Egypt, and three Islamic Labor Party activists were arrested and taken to the Masr Al Qadima (Old Cairo) police station. Yet already the cyber-activists have mobilized. Malek updated his blog, Alaa has posted a message on Twitter and messages are starting to spread through the blogosphere as announcements of the arrests are being sent via SMS. Did you know it is illegal to distribute fliers in Egypt ?!

While there seems to be some confusion regarding what the purpose of the strike. It began as a workers strike, was picked up by activists who spread it online, and it seems to have morphed into a general strike in terms of people staying home from work but not necessarily a call for other professions to strike in solidarity. Rather, as the Arabic Network for Human Rights puts it, the April 6th strike is a peaceful one aimed at protesting oppression and corruption, which are of course all wrapped up with the economic problems and inflation that provided the initial impetus for the strike. I, for one, plan on going to Mahalla where a 20,000 person strike by the factory workers is expected. Others are planning on going to Giza, where a demonstration is planned. Tharir Square, the main thoroughfare in downtown Cairo, is a bit more of a contentious issue since some activists feel it is not worth demonstrating there since arrests are certain while others figure that is the natural and historic place to demonstrate. We'll see tomorrow.

This strike is an important example of cyber-activism but also highlights the important synergies between new (FaceBook, blogs, SMS) and old (fliers, newspapers) media. Only about 12-15% of the Egyptian population is online, and trust me, those online are not all reading blogs. There are far more Egyptians on FaceBook than blogs. And the importance of good old paper and glue to communicate with the random person on the street does not diminish in the digital age, but perhaps becomes even more important as a method that helps bridge the "digital divide" by at least making information and inspiration accessible to all.

UPDATE: Police have started detaining people on the roads to Mahalla. Newbies and those not known as activists to the police are urged to go to Giza (by the bakery) or Tharir. Apparently some, like Kifaya, fear there could be a lack of media coverage in the capital if everyone goes to Mahalla. Which doesn't really make sense since everyone has been told to stay home. Of course staying home doesn't make very good TV footage! As one blogger explained it to me, people are scared of going on the streets and being arrested. Remember, Egypt is ruled by Emergency Law. So asking people to stay home as a form of protest is a way to involved them in a political statement without risking arrest or beatings. But as every modern-day political movement knows, things are much harder without the support of Western media and public opinion - think of Tibet without pictures. Some even argue that such movements do not exist and cannot be effective without the support of the media. So it seems Kifaya is of this mindset - the movement's leaders have called for a demonstration in Tharir Square and are hoping that not everyone goes to Mahalla or it will make for very bad pictures and very good propaganda for the government.

Wednesday, April 02, 2008

April 6th General Strike in Egypt Draws Together Diverse Groups Using Newest Technologies


Using FaceBook, blogs, SMS, independent media and good old fashion word-of-mouth, activists and workers in Egypt are preparing to stage a countrywide general strike on April 6. Calling it the "Egyptian Intifida" supporters are calling for civil disobedience, asking everyone to stay home from work and not buy anything; demonstrations of solidarity planned for embassies around the world. The strike is aimed primarily at protesting the rising cost of bread and other basic necessities and to demand increased wages. Networks and event invitation have appeared on FaceBook. The "General Strike in Egypt" FaceBook group has more than 54,000 members, an event another 2000 confirmed). The cyberspace activism coupled with on-the-ground grassroots organizing promises to test the political efficacy and continued relevance of the Egyptian activists blogosphere and cyber-activists following a government crackdown on Kifaya and Muslim Brotherhood over the past year that seemed to take some of the wind out of the sails of cyber-activism.

The text of the document from when all this activity apparently springs is as follows:
“All national forces in Egypt have agreed upon the 6th of April to be a public strike.
On the 6th of April, stay home, do not go out; Don’t go to work, don’t go to the university, don’t go to school, don’t open your shop, don’t open your pharmacy, don’t go to the police station, don’t go to the camp; We need salaries allowing us to live, we need to work, we want our children to get education, we need human transportation means, we want hospitals to get treatment, we want medicines for our children, we need just judiciary, we want security, we want freedom and dignity, we want apartments for youth; We don’t want prices increase, we don’t want favoritism, we don’t want police in plain clothes, we don’t want torture in police stations, we don’t want corruption, we don’t want bribes, we don’t want detentions. Tell your friends not to go to work and ask them to join the strike.”
It was signed by and supported by the Al-Karama Party, the Al-Wasat Party, the Labor Party, Kifaya, the Bar Association, Educational Workers Movement, University Professors, Grain Mill Workers and of course the Ghazl Al-Mahala workers. The U.S. Embassy in Cairo, however, does NOT support it and has threatened to fire anyone who misses work on Sunday.

The primary event is the workers strike in Ghazl el-Mahalla, with several strikes planned in solidarity with the workers and organized through the blogosphere. Hossam's 3arabawy is, as usual, a central information node about the strike, as is Manalaa's Bit Bucket. (There may or may not be a demonstration in Tahrir). The national press, however, has been silent, while the independent and English language press seems to portray it primarily as another worker's strike rather than as something larger (though it was interesting to see the Daily News Egypt quote a blog on the front page - clearly showing that they have become legitimate information sources here as they have in the U.S.) Kifaya is on board with the strike - though the movement has been pronounced dead by many it seems to be struggling to resurrect itself - as is, of course, the leftist/socialist bloggers, although their activities have been focused on giving workers logistical and media relations support rather than leading demonstrations or strikes. This is a tactical move designed to protect the workers and their indigenous efforts from accusations by the government that they are being co-opted by the blogger activists and thus tainted by association. It seems that rather the cyber-activists have found renewed inspiration in the activism of workers and sympathetic university students to reenergize and unify their political activism. One group that is conspicuously absent from the milieu, however, is the Muslim Brotherhood.

The MB has not come out as an organization in support of the general strike. AbdelRahman Ayyash, a young MB blogger, wonders why the Muslim Brotherhood is not actively supporting the strike. Other young Muslim Brotherhood members I've talked to, most of whom arebloggers, also support the strike and acknowledge that they don't understand why per se the leadership has not taken an active position to support the strike. A rather scathing critique can be found here. Of course one reason for the absence of official endorsement could be the fact that they have faced a sever crackdown on their leadership, with several leaders, especially those involved in pres and media, arrested not to mention the general harassment individual members face.

In fact, I was with four of my MB blogger friends, all girls the other night, just an hour before they were arrested in the subway. We had been at the Cairo Conference earlier and Arwa had inadvertently left a Muslim Botherhood sticker on her folder that apparently was visible to the security officers in the subway, who arrested her and the others for about 2 hours. Thankfully they were not beaten or hurt since the police appeared to get scared once they started calling their support network and their lawyers showed up. Yet for the 16, 17, 18 and 22 year olds this must have been a frightening experience. Yet one of them told me that in fact she had always wondered what it would be like to be arrested and thought she would be scared. But she wasn't, and vows that she "will never be scared again."

The reality of action on April 6 remains to be seen, whether all this cyber-blustering will translate into political activism... or not. Sandmonkey, for one, has a scathing critique of the very premise, and given his influence over the English-speaking embassy crowd, Western journalists and Egypt-watchers, he may have helped deflate some of the enthusiasm that a national day of solidarity and protest could have generated abroad. We'll see.